Evaluasi formulasi pakan ternak penggemukan sapi potong pada iklim tropis

1              How I can get nutrition content another website feedepedia

I think Feedipedia is the best because it takes information from lots of different literature. You can also search for research papers on google scholar https://scholar.google.com.au/schhp?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5

2              what nutrient important to calculate in feed formulation, another CP and energy to develop feed quality

You need to use Metabolisable Energy (ME) content [NOT GE Gross Energy content], and CP to balance your ration. It can be hard to know the ME of your forage, as this is very variable depending on maturity and fertiliser as well as season of the year. The fibre content of the forage is an important indicator of ME content. This webpage http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/360587/Tropical-perennial-grasses-pasture-quality-and-livestock-production.pdf has some good information about tropical pasture value.

3              how to know requirements cattle indonesia (sapi peranakan ongole, bali, etc ) for fattening

                value CP, ME, Ca, P, etc

You can use the information that I gave you for Brahmans, just adjust according to weight. Yes, there are some differences in PO and Bali, but using the information I gave you for Brahmans should be close to PO at least. I will try to find some good information for sapi Bali to email to you.

               

4              How to determine  percentage of forage and concentrates in ration formulation for optimal fattening

The right percentage is the one that gives you the ME and CP that you need for the cheapest price.

You have prices listed, but you need to convert these to Rp/kg DM, and Rp/MJ ME and Rp/kg CP. If you can’t figure out how to do this, let me know. This will tell you which feeds are the best value for money. Some feeds are very cheap eg low price/kg CP, but the cow will never eat enough in order to fulfil their CP requirement, so sometimes you need to choose more expensive feed. However, pricing the feed in this way will let you know what order to try each ingredient in, from cheapest to most expensive.

You need to have a minimum of 15% forage/straw in the diet. This means you can have a very large amount of concentrate, but you need to balance for ME and CP. For instance, Onggok is a cheap source of ME, but if you include too much, you will find that you are limited in CP, and you are wasting energy that can’t be used by the rumen microbes, because they don’t have enough CP.

Once you know the ME and CP requirement, you can use the Pearson Square to balance with up to 3 ingredients, but it becomes hard when you want to use more. My colleagues at UQ are currently building an app to help Indonesians make this decision easier, but it won’t be ready for a while.

5              How to know the range of use of the ingredients in the formulation

As a rule, use the minimum amount of ingredients that you need to obtain the production you want. God quality forage plus a dedak padi supplement may be all you need. Follow the steps I discussed, and then look to see what ingredients can fulfil the requirement. Use Rp/ MJ ME or Rp/kg DM to decide which ones to try first.

               

6              When I use feed additive (mineral, vitamin) / feed suplement ?, it is important to include in ingredients or no

Always add salt and limestone at 1.5% of the ration, especially if you are feeding concentrates